NOTE : as these are my personal Notes, so I strongly suggest you to please follow your own notes - provided by the university and/ or the concern department MCA or else - whatsoever, as these are my personal notes for my personal use, thanks.
======================================================
BLOCK - 1 (BOOK FIRST) - IGNOU
======================================================
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
INDEX
UNIT - 1 - Introduction to SAD UNIT - 2 - System Analyst - A Profession
UNIT - 3 - Process of System Development
UNIT - 4 - Introduction to Documentation of systems
======================================================
- CLICK THE BELOW IMAGE TO ENLARGE -
COURSE INTRODUCTION :
( or Click Here to Understand Systems Analysis - Who is System Analyst - external link )
This course is on the analysis and design of systems : -----
Documentation is an important part of any project and it should be developed in parellel to the project.
There are various standards of documentation.
Also the quality of software is impacted by the quality of the documentation.When the systems are planned for an organization as the first step, system study is done.
Requirements are gathered through various techniques such as Interviews, Group Discussions and Presentation etc.
One of the most important steps in the performance of cost benefit analysis.If the system development is not going to lead to any savings in cost or steps are not taken to save the Cost then the development of the system is unnecessary.
In this course,
we also discuss various principles of design as well as different Modeling Techniques such as Data Flow Diagrams and E-R Diagrams (ER = Entity Relationship Model)..
- Any system that is developed should be user friendly.
- The end users should like the use of the system and they should also be able to learn the operation of the system easily.
- For this reason normally , any system will consist of forms designed to input data and reports are generated for the assistance of decision makers.
After the development of the information system. it is to be implemented. The system should be throughly tested for implementation in real life. This course also discusses various threats that are faced by computer system along with the possible solutions to these problems. Also, the role of management information systems in the organization is discussed along with various categories of information systems that are used in organizations.
This course consists of 4 blocks and is organized in the following manner :
BLOCK - 1 :- covers the Fundamentals of Systems Analysis and Design, importance and Role of a Systems Analyst, process of systems development and concept related to documentation of systems.
BLOCK - 2 :-covers the issues related to systems planning, modular and structured design of Systems along with the modeling and design of systems.
BLOCK - 3 :-covers the design of forms and reports, design of physical files & database and Usage of CASE Tools for the devp. of systems.
BLOCK - 4 :- covers the issues related to systems implementation and maintenance, Audit (Audit meaning = लेखा परीक्षा) [ External Link : Information technology audit ] and security of computer systems and management information systems.
======================================================
BLOCK INTRODUCTION :-
======================================================
This block is on the issue related to the fundamentals of systems development.
When an organization intends to develop systems, the staff that have executive powers should have knowledge of various types of systems that can be devp. Taking stock, as on the date of consideration for systems devp. is one way and including future possible business activities is an extended way. Sometimes, depending on the types of systems available, an organization may opt for an advanced system keeping the future requirements of the organization in view. This block covers various systems that can be developed such as Real Time Systems, Distributed Systems etc.
Systems Analyst plays a major role in the devp. of organiz.. there might be analysts within the organization, if it is large enough. In such cases, some of the work such as preparation of Customer Requirement Specification, System requirement specification etc. are developed by the organization itself. In case the development work is outsourced (like BPOs), the analyst in the development organization as well as source organization will together develop the required documents. In the case of small an organization which doesn't have their own systems analysts, total work related to devp of specification is handled by the Development Organization. In this block, we discuss the need of systems analyst to the businesses, his/ her role and skills required to be a systems analyst.
There are different phases in the process of systems development. Also, there are different models which sequence these phases in different ways. so, an appropriate model has to be chosen for the development of the system. We discuss various phases as well as products of SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) phases. Also, various approaches to the systems development are discussed.
Any document that is developed during the development of systems becomes part of documentatin. Also, documentation is not a separate phase which is started after/ before another phase. It commences with the project. It has to go in parellel. We discuss various standards of documentation and also focus on good practices for documentation.
This block consists of 4 units and is organized as follows :
UNIT - 1 :- deals with the fundamentals of the systems. It also introduces Real Time Systems and Distributed Systems to the learner. Also, various approaches for development of Information Systems are discussed.
UNIT - 2 :- deals with the profession of systems analyst. The need for a systems analyst to the business, his / her role, and qualifications are covered in this unit.
UNIT - 3 :- deals with the Process of Systems Development. (or external link : Sys.Devp.LifeCycle) Various Phases and Products of SDLC are discussed along with the approaches (दृष्टिकोण) to the development. Also, a Case study has been included.
UNIT - 4 :- deals with the Documentation of Systems. Covers Fundamentals of Documentation along with various types and standards available. Also, the issue of quality of software from the context of documentation is discussed.
======================================================
UNIT - 1 - INTDODUCTION TO SAD :-
======================================================
Structure :
1.0 - Introduction
1.1 - Objectives
1.2 - Fundamentals of Systems
----- 1.2.1 - Important Terms related to Systems.
----- 1.2.2 Classification of Systems
----- 1.2.3 Real Life Business Subsystems
1.3 - Real Time Systems
1.4 - Distributed Systems
1.5 - Development of a Successful System
1.6 - Various Approaches for Development of Information Systems
-----1.6.1 - Structured Analysis and Design
-----1.6.1 - Prototype
-----1.6.2 - Joint Application Development
1.7 - Summary
1.8 - Solutions / Answers
1.9 - Further Readings
======================================================
1.0 - INTRODUCTION :-
======================================================
In general, a System is based on Input-Process-Output (IPO model). Manual work can be replaced by computerized system for accuracy and speed of processing. So, before the development of any computerized system,developers should also understand all basic concepts about the system. To develop a system, a standard Methodology must be considered. Different approaches are available for the development of a system. Selecting the best approach is the responsibility of end user, problem definition and the infrastructure provided. Standard principles should be followed for the development of good quality software.
======================================================
1.1 - OBJECTIVES :-
======================================================
After going through this unit, you should be able to :
- Learn the concepts related to Systems;
- Know about Real Time Systems;
- Know about Distributed Systems;
- Learn the process of developing a successful system.
1.2 - FUNDAMENTALS OF SYSTEMS :-
======================================================
System is a word derived from the Greek Word 'Systema" which means an organized relationship among components.
A System may be defined as orderly (क्रमबद्ध) grouping of interdependent components linked together to a plan to achieve a specific goal. Each component is a part of total system and it has to do its own share of work for the system to achieve the desired goal.
An Information System is an arrangement of people, data, processes, information presentation and Information Technology that interacts to support and improve day-to-day Operations (संचालन) in a business as well as support the problem solving and decision making needs of Management and Users.
The characteristics of a System are as follows :-
- Organization (संगठन) implies(तात्पर्य) structure and order. It is an arrangement of components (घटकों की व्यवस्था) that helps to achieve objectives.
- Interaction - refers to the procedure in which each component function with other components of the system.
- Interdependence - one component depends on another component.
- Intergration - how a system or systems tied together (i.e. sharing a physical part). All part of the system work together (each part performs a unique function).
- Central Objective - there is one Objective and after that another Objective. It is necessary that the users (employees/ members) must be aware about the central objective well in advance.
======================================================
1.2.1 Important Terms Related to Systems :
======================================================
- Purpose : A System's PURPOSE is the reason for its existence and the reference point for measuring its success.
- Boundary : A System's BOUNDARY defines what is inside the system and what is outside.
- Environment : A System ENVIRONMENT is everything pertinent to the System that is outside of its boundaries.
- Inputs : A System's INPUTS are the physical objects and information that cross the boundary to enter it from its environment.
- Output : A system's OUTPUT are the physical objects and information that go from the system into its environment.
===============================================
1.2.2 Classification of Systems :
===============================================
SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION :
╔=============╬==========================╖
║ ║ ║ ║
A)FORMAL/ B)PHYSICAL/ C)OPEN/ D)MANUAL/
INFORMAL ABSTRACT CLOSED AUTOMATED
(औपचारिक / (भौतिक एवम (खुला एवं (हाथ से किया
अनौपचारिक ) सार,संक्षेप,निराकार) बंद) एवं स्वचालित)A) FORMAL : Planned, Scheduled, Policies, Procedures, Documented Well (e.g.: Real Life - आम जिंदगी इसका एक उद्धरण है )
aasdfa
dfadsf
adsf
asdf
bahut achha blog hai, kripya pure notes provide karen ---- thanks
ReplyDeleteWE ARE trying sir.
Delete